Energy storage mmc topology avoiding microcirculation of battery and method for controlling the same

ABSTRACT

An energy storage MMC topology is proposed to avoid the microcirculation of battery. The topology consists of six bridge arms in three stages and can be connected to DC system and AC system. Each bridge arm is composed of one bridge arm inductance and N energy storage sub-modules with the same structure in series. The energy storage sub-modules include a half-bridge power module, a battery energy storage module and a group of anti-parallel thyristors. The group of anti-parallel thyristors is connected in series over the DC cable between the battery energy storage module and a capacitor of the half-bridge power module. The switching control is performed on the battery in the energy storage MMC according to the systematic operating mode.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent ApplicationNo. 202210115626.1 filed on Jan. 30, 2022, the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of multilevelpower electronic converters, and more particularly, to a topology of abattery energy storage modular multilevel converter and a method forcontrolling the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Battery energy storage is an important technical means for ensuring ahigh proportion of new energy consumption and improving the security,stability and flexibility of the power grid. However, compared withenergy storage technologies such as mechanical energy storage, pumpedstorage, etc. the battery energy storage has the problems of a shortservice cycle, a whole high life cycle cost, a high security risk, etc.

An energy storage converter is a key unit for realizing the powerexchange between a battery and the power grid in the energy storagesystem. Current energy storage systems often adopt a scheme ofconnecting multiple low-voltage converters in parallel to centralizevoltage boost, which has problems such as a small capacity of a singleunit, connecting a large number of batteries in series and parallel,etc. The energy storage converter based on a Modular MultilevelConverter (MMC), due to its advantageous structure, can realize thedirect connection of the batteries to the high-voltage power gridwithout a transformer, and thus can effectively reduce losses of thesystem. At the same time, the batteries can be divided and managed toensure the flexibility and reliability of the system. Therefore, theenergy storage converter based on MMC has a great application prospectin the future large-scale energy storage system.

In the energy storage MMC, since there exists larger ripple current inthe DC port of each sub-module, if no additional measures are taken, alarge amount of the ripple current will flow directly into the battery.If the ripple current has a zero-crossing point, the battery will becaused to be charged (discharged) additionally, thereby resulting inunnecessary microcirculation. The charging and discharging times of thebattery are limited, and the cycle life of the battery is an importantindicator for measuring the service life of the battery. The formationof the microcirculation will directly cause the life loss of the batteryenergy storage system.

At present, there is no research specially on the microcirculationproblem of the battery of the energy storage MMC. Most of the relatedresearches on reducing losses of the battery and prolonging the life ofthe battery are aimed at suppressing the ripple current of the battery.Connection of the sub-module to the battery via a passive filter canfilter out the low-frequency harmonic current, and can solve themicrocirculation problem of the battery to a certain extent, but alarger inductance capacitor is required with a high cost and a largevolume. Connection of the sub-module to the battery via a DC-DCconverter can prevent the ripple current from directly flowing into thebattery, but such an approach will only suppress the magnitude of thecurrent fluctuation component to a certain extent, but cannot completelysolve the microcirculation problem of the battery. In addition,connection to the battery via a DC-DC converter will significantlyincrease the number of the required devices. Furthermore, in order toachieve a better effect, larger passive elements are often required. Asa result, the cost and control complexity of this method is much higherthan directly connecting the sub-module to the battery, which is notconducive to the large-scale application of the energy storage MMC.

Therefore, in order to ensure the long service life of the battery inthe energy storage MMC and reduce the whole life cycle cost of theenergy storage system, the disclosure designs an energy storage MMCtopology avoiding microcirculation of a battery and a method forcontrolling the same.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One problem to be solved by the disclosure is to overcome thedeficiencies of the prior art and thus provide an energy storage MMCtopology avoiding microcirculation of a battery and a method forcontrolling the same.

In order to solve the above problem, the disclosure proposes thefollowing solutions for implementation.

Provided is an energy storage MMC topology avoiding microcirculation ofa battery. The topology is composed of six bridge arms in three phases.Each of the phases includes two bridge arms, namely, an upper bridge armand a lower bridge arm. A common point of the bridge arms in threephases is configured as a DC port. A midpoint between the upper andlower bridge arms is configured as an AC port. The DC port and the ACport are configured to be connected to a DC system and an AC systemrespectively.

Each of the bridge arms is composed of one bridge arm inductance and Nenergy storage sub-modules with the same structure in series, with N≥2.The energy storage sub-modules each include a half-bridge power module,a battery energy storage module, and an interface unit therebetween. Theinterface unit includes a group of anti-parallel thyristors. The groupof anti-parallel thyristors are connected in series over a DC cablebetween the battery energy storage module and a capacitor of thehalf-bridge power module.

As a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the half-bridge powermodule is composed of two switching power devices with a reverse diodeand one capacitor.

As a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, in the anti-parallelthyristors, an anode of a first thyristor T₁ is connected to a positiveelectrode of the battery energy storage module, and a cathode of asecond thyristor T₂ is connected to the positive electrode of thebattery energy storage module.

The disclosure further provides a method for controlling the aboveenergy storage MMC topology avoiding microcirculation of a battery. Whenthe energy storage MMC operates normally, a systematic current operatingmode is firstly judged according to operating parameters, and thenswitching control is performed on the battery energy storage module. Thefollowing detailed steps are included.

1) If the AC side power is equal to the DC side power in the energystorage MMC, power of the energy storage battery is set as P_(bat)=0,where it is determined that the energy storage MMC shall operate in abattery bypass mode, and trigger signals S_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) oftwo anti-parallel thyristors in the interface unit are both set to 0, sothat the battery energy storage module is bypassed.

2) If the AC side power is not equal to the DC side power in the energystorage MMC, an operating flag value flag is calculated according to thefollowing formula (2):

flag=|P _(dc) |−U _(dc) /U _(m) |P _(ac)|  (2)

where P_(dc) is the power of the systematic DC side, U_(dc) being the DCbus voltage, U_(m) being the AC bus voltage amplitude, and P_(ac) beingthe power of the systematic AC side.

3) If the flag>0, it is determined that the battery of the energystorage MMC shall be in a full cycle switch-in mode, where the triggersignals S_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) of the anti-parallel thyristors areboth set to 1.

4) If the flag≤0, it is determined that the battery of the energystorage MMC shall be in a partial switch-in mode, where the triggersignals of the anti-parallel thyristors are judged and set according tothe following substeps.

4.1) Power demand of the energy storage battery is calculated accordingto the following formula (1):

P _(bat) =P _(ac) −P _(dc)  (1)

where P_(bat) is the power of the energy storage battery, P_(ac) beingthe power of the systematic AC side, and P_(dc) being the power of thesystematic DC side.

4.2) If the P_(bat)<0, it is determined that the battery is in acharging state, in which the discharge current shall be prevented fromflowing into the battery during charging. In this state, the triggersignal S_(p(n)_x1) of the first thyristor T₁ is set as 0, and thetrigger signal of the second thyristor T₂ is determined depending onbridge arm current at present, where if i_(p(n)x)>0, S_(p(n)x_2)=1, andif i_(p(n)x)≤0, S_(p(n)x_2)=0.

4.3) If the P_(bat)>0, it is determined that the battery is in adischarge state, in which charging current shall be prevented fromflowing into the battery during discharge. In this state, the triggersignal S_(p(n)_x2) of the second thyristor T₂ is set as 0, and thetrigger signal of the first thyristor T₁ is determined depending on thebridge arm current at present, where if i_(p(n)x)<0, S_(p(n)_x2)=1, andif i_(p(n)x)≥0, S_(p(n)_x1)=0.

As a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, when the energy storage MMCis initiated, the trigger signals S_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) of theanti-parallel thyristors are both maintained at 1 until the energystorage MMC operates stably.

As a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the method further includesdecoupling control of the AC/DC power to ensure stable exchange of thepower at three ports, namely, the systematic AC side, the systematic DCside and the battery energy storage module. The control of the AC sidepower adopts a conventional double closed loop structure, which canrealize decoupling d-axis current and q-axis current in a synchronousrotating coordinate system, and controlling active power and reactivepower respectively. The control of the powder of the DC side adopts aphase-separated independent control method, in which an outer loop is aDC power loop, and an inner loop is a circulating current suppressionloop. The DC power loop is subjected to proportional integral control tooutput a DC current tracking value of each bridge arm. The circulationsuppression loop is subjected to quasi-proportional resonance integralcontrol to realize second circulating current suppression and thirdharmonic suppression.

Compared with the prior art, the disclosure will exhibit the followingeffects.

1. The disclosure provides an energy storage MMC topology avoidingmicrocirculation of a battery and a method for controlling the same. Theoperating mode of the system is judged according to the system operatingparameters, and then the batteries are switched as needed, therebyavoiding the microcirculation problem of the battery, reducing the lifeloss of the battery and reducing the whole life cycle cost of the system

2. The disclosure can significantly reduce peaks of the current of thebattery, reduce losses of the battery, and further prolong the servicelife of the battery.

3. The control method proposed by the disclosure can ensure the stableexchange of the power at three ports, namely the AC side, the DC sideand the battery, and can also suppress second circulating current of thebridge arm and the third harmonic of the system, and ensuring the safeand stable operation of the system.

4. Compared with the prior art, the topology proposed by the disclosurehas the advantages of simple implementation, a low cost and highreliability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an energy storage MMC topology avoidingmicrocirculation of a battery according to an embodiment of thedisclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a topology for a conventional energy storage MMCsub-module;

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of waveforms of (a) batterycurrent and (b) battery SOC of the conventional energy storage MMCsub-module;

FIG. 4 illustrates a topology for an energy storage MMC sub-moduleaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of switching control of a battery in anembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates block diagrams of (a) AC power control and (b) DCpower control in an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates steady-state operation waveforms for (a) ACthree-phase current; (b) DC bus current; and (c) sub-module batterycurrent of a system in an embodiment of the disclosure; and

FIG. 8 illustrates comparison diagrams between (a) battery current and(b) battery SOC of the conventional topology and (c) battery current and(d) battery SOC of the topology according to an embodiment of thedisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The solutions in the embodiments of the disclosure will be clearly andcompletely described below with reference to the accompanying drawingsin the embodiments of the disclosure. It shall be understood that thedescribed embodiments are only intended to illustrate the disclosurerather than to limit the scope of the disclosure, and any modificationsand equivalents made under the inspiration of the disclosure, orproducts similar to the disclosure obtained by combining the disclosedfeatures with other technical features may fall within the scope of thedisclosure.

The energy storage MMC topology proposed by the disclosure, as shown inFIG. 1 , includes six bridge arms in three phases. Each of the phasesincludes two bridge arms, namely an upper bridge arm and a lower bridgearm (i.e., upper bridge arm p and lower bridge arm n). Each of thebridge arms is composed of one bridge arm inductance L and N energystorage sub-modules (SM) with the same structure in series, with N≥2.The energy storage MMC topology is simultaneously provided with a DCport and an AC port. A common point of the bridge arms in three phasesis configured as a DC port. A midpoint between the upper and lowerbridge arms is configured as an AC port. The DC port and the AC port canbe directly connected to DC and AC systems respectively. The energystorage sub-modules each include a half-bridge power module, a batteryenergy storage module and an interface unit therebetween. The interfaceunit includes a group of anti-parallel thyristors. The group ofanti-parallel thyristors are connected in series over a DC cable betweenthe battery energy storage module and a capacitor of the half-bridgepower module.

The power of the DC side of the energy storage MMC is indicated asP_(dc). The power of the AC side is indicated as P_(ac). The DC busvoltage is indicated as U_(dc). The DC current is indicated as I_(dc).The three-phase AC bus voltage is indicated as u_(x) (x=a, b and c). Thethree-phase AC current is indicated as i_(x). The bridge arm current isindicated as i_(p(n)x). The sub-module battery current is indicated asi_(bat). The direction of each parameter identified in FIG. 1 is takenas a positive direction herein, and they will not be explainedrepeatedly below.

In order to facilitate understanding of the problem to be solved by thedisclosure, the “microcirculation” will be further described here. FIG.2 shows a topology for a conventional energy storage MMC sub-module,which adopts a half-bridge structure and is composed of two insulatedgate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and one capacitor, and in which abattery cluster is directly connected across the capacitor in parallel.FIG. 3 depicts a schematic diagram of a waveform of battery currenti_(bat) and a waveform of State of Charge (SOC) of the battery of thesub-module of the conventional energy storage MMC within a powerfrequency cycle under an operating condition that DC power P_(dc)=0.8 puand AC power P_(ac)=1.0 pu. For a clear visual representation, ahigh-frequency component caused by switching and a lesser low-frequencyharmonic component are ignored in the waveform diagram. As shown in FIG.3 , when the conventional energy storage MMC operates normally, thesub-module battery current i_(bat) includes a DC component, afundamental frequency component and a double frequency component.According to the three-port power relationship of the energy storageMMC, as expressed in formula (1), it can be known that an average powerof the battery is 0.2 pu (P_(bat)=0.2 pu) at this time, and the batteryshall be in a discharge state.

P _(bat) =P _(ac) −P _(dc)  (1)

In the formula (1), P_(bat) is the power of the energy storage battery,P being the power of the systematic AC side, and P_(dc) being the powerof the systematic DC side.

The state of the battery within the power frequency cycle will befurther analyzed according to FIG. 3 . In a time period from t₀ to t₁,the direction of i_(bat) is positive, which indicates discharge currenthaving a peak value of I_(bat,max), and the State of Charge (SOC) of thebattery drops from an initial SOC₀ to a minimum value SOC₁ within thepower frequency cycle. In the time period from t₁ to t₂, the directionof i_(bat) is negative, which indicates charging current, and the Stateof Charge of the battery rises from the minimum value SOC₁ within thepower frequency cycle to a final value SOC₂ at the end of the cycle. Forthe battery, the ideal state is that within the time period from t₀ tot₂, there is only discharge current in i_(bat), and from the initialState of Charge SOC₀ to the final value SOC₂, there shall be no stagewhere the State of Charge is lower than SOC₂, that is, no chargingprocess. However, due to the half-bridge structure of the conventionalenergy storage MMC sub-module, the current direction of the sub-moduleonly depends on the current direction of the bridge arm when thesub-module is switched on. The battery is switched with the sub-module,leading to battery charging current in i_(bat). Thus, the batteryundergoes additional microcirculation (as shown in a shaded area in FIG.3(b)). On one hand, when the energy storage system operates for a longtime, the occurrence of microcirculation will directly cause a reducedcycle life of the battery. On the other hand, in order to ensureconstant output power of the battery, the occurrence of microcirculationwill cause an increased peak value I_(bat,max) of the discharge current,thereby increasing losses of the battery.

It should be noted that this description only takes a single operatingcondition of the energy storage MMC as an example, and the“microcirculation” problem generally exists on other operatingconditions of the energy storage MMC.

The disclosure proposes an energy storage MMC topology avoidingmicrocirculation of a battery and a method for controlling the same.

The disclosed energy storage MMC topology is different from theconventional topology in the energy storage sub-modules. The disclosedenergy storage sub-modules each include a half-bridge module, a batteryenergy storage module and an interface unit therebetween, as shown inFIG. 4 . The half-bridge module is composed of two switching powerdevices S₁ and S₂ with a reverse diode, and one capacitor C. In thebattery energy storage module, a battery cluster is included, and abattery management system is also provided. The interface unit includesa group of anti-parallel thyristors T₁ and T₂. The group ofanti-parallel thyristors are connected in series over the DC cablebetween the battery energy storage module and the capacitor of thehalf-bridge module. The anode of the first thyristor T₁ is connected tothe positive electrode of the battery energy storage module, and thecathode of the second thyristor T₂ is connected to the positiveelectrode of the battery energy storage module.

Compared with the conventional energy storage MMC topology, thedisclosure adds a group of anti-parallel thyristors between the batteryenergy storage module and the half-bridge module in each sub-module,which can avoid the microcirculation problem of the energy storage MMCbattery and prolong the service life of the battery.

In combination with the energy storage MMC topology as disclosed, acorresponding control method is designed, including switching control ofa sub-module battery and power control.

A flowchart of the switching control of the battery is shown in FIG. 5 ,and detailed control steps are described as follows.

At Step 1, when the energy storage MMC is initiated, trigger signalsS_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) of the anti-parallel thyristors are bothmaintained at 1 until the energy storage MMC operates stably.

At Step 2, when the system enters the stable operation stage, theoperating mode of the energy storage MMC is judged according tooperating parameters, which is specifically indicated as follows.

1) If the AC power is equal to the DC power (in consideration of errorsof the system, the judgment threshold is set to be|P_(ac)−P_(dc)|<0.5%|P_(ac)|), power of the energy storage batteryP_(bat) is set 0, where it is determined that the energy storage MMCshall operate in a battery bypass mode. At this time, the triggersignals S_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) of the anti-parallel thyristors areboth set to 0, so that the battery is bypassed.

2) If the AC power is not equal to the DC power, an operating flag valueflag is calculated according to the following formula (2):

$\begin{matrix}{{flag} = {{❘P_{dc}❘} - {\frac{U_{dc}}{U_{m}}{❘P_{ac}❘}}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

where P_(dc) is the power of the systematic DC side, U dc being the DCbus voltage, U_(m) being the AC bus voltage amplitude, and P_(ac) beingthe power of the systematic AC side.

3) If the flag>0, it is determined that the battery of the energystorage MMC shall be in a full cycle switch-in mode, in which thetrigger signals S_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) of the anti-parallelthyristors are both set to one.

4) If the flag≤0, it is determined that the battery of the energystorage MMC shall be in a partial switch-in mode, in which the triggersignals of the anti-parallel thyristors are judged and set according tothe following substeps.

4.1) Power demand of the energy storage battery is calculated accordingto the following formula (1):

P _(bat) =P _(ac) −P _(dc)  (1)

where P_(bat) is the power of the energy storage battery, P_(ac) beingthe power of the systematic AC side, and P_(dc) being the power of thesystematic DC side.

4.2) If the P_(bat)<0, it is determined that the battery is in acharging state, in which discharge current shall be prevented fromflowing into the battery during charging. In this state, the triggersignal S_(p(n)_x1) of the first thyristor T₁ is set as 0, and thetrigger signal of the second thyristor T₂ is determined depending onbridge arm current at present, where if i_(p(n)x)>0, S_(p(n)_x2)=1, andif i_(p(n)x)≤0, S_(p(n)_x2)=0.

4.3) If the P_(bat)>0, it is determined that the battery is in adischarge state, in which charging current shall be prevented fromflowing into the battery during discharge. In this state, the triggersignal S_(p(n)_x2) of the second thyristor T₂ is set as 0, and thetrigger of the first thyristor T₁ is determined depending on the bridgearm current at present, where if i_(p(n)x)<0, S_(p(n)_x2)=1, and ifi_(p(n)x)≥0, S_(p(n)_x1)=0.

In order to ensure operational stability of the disclosed topology, thedisclosure further designs a system power control strategy to ensurestable exchange of the power at three ports, namely the systematic ACside, the systematic DC side and the battery energy storage module. Asshown in FIG. 6 , the power control of the system includes (a) AC powercontrol and (b) DC power control. The AC power control adopts aconventional double closed loop structure, which can realize decouplingd-axis current and q-axis current in a synchronous rotating coordinatesystem, and controlling active power and reactive power respectively.The DC power control adopts a phase-separated independent controlmethod, in which an outer loop is a DC power loop, and an inner loop isa circulating current suppression loop. The DC power loop is subjectedto proportional integral control to output a DC current tracking valueof each bridge arm. The circulating current control loop is subjected toquasi-proportional resonance integral control. The transfer function isexpressed as formula (3). The resonant frequency ω₁ is a secondfundamental frequency, which aims to suppress the second circulatingcurrent inside the bridge arm and reduce the loss of the system.

$\begin{matrix}{{G_{PR}(s)} = {k_{p} + \frac{k_{i}}{s} + \frac{2k_{r}\omega_{c}s}{s^{2} + {2\omega_{c}s} + \omega_{1}^{2}} + \frac{2k_{r}\omega_{c}s}{s^{2} + {2\omega_{c}s} + \omega_{2}^{2}}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

In the formula (3), G_(PR)(s) is the transfer function of thecirculating current control loop, k_(p) being the gain coefficient of aproportional link, k_(i) being the gain coefficient of an integral link,k_(r) being the gain coefficient of a resonance link, ω_(c) being thecutoff frequency, and s being a complex variable in the transferfunction.

When the circulating current control loop is designed, such a problemcaused by the staggered switching of batteries of the upper and lowerbridge arms that the system undergoes third harmonic is additionallyconsidered. When the system has no zero-sequence current path, thetriple harmonic will reduce the power quality and seriously affect thestability of the system. Therefore, in order to meet the demand ofdirectly connecting the energy storage MMC to the power grid without atransformer, it is necessary to suppress the third harmonic caused bybattery switching. The disclosure adds a resonance term, of which theresonance frequency ω₂ is a triple fundamental frequency to thecirculating current control loop, so as to suppress the third harmonicin the system.

FIG. 7 provides waveforms of AC three-phase current, DC bus current andsub-module battery current of the energy storage system after adoptingthe topology and the control method provided by the disclosure. Within0.2 s˜0.3 s, P_(dc)=0.8 pu, and P_(ac)=1.0 pu. The battery is in adischarge state and there is only discharge current in the battery. Thebattery does not undergo microcirculation. The waveform of the ACcurrent has good sinusoidal characteristics, and THD<1%. There are onlyhigh-frequency components in the DC bus harmonic. The system may operatestably.

At the moment of 0.3 s, it is given that P_(dc)=1.1 pu and P_(ac)=1 pu.The transient response of the system is fast. The battery is in acharging state and there is only charging current in the battery. Thebattery does not undergo microcirculation. The system undergoes thirdharmonic in a short time, which is completely suppressed after about0.05 s. The system may operate stably.

At the moment of 0.5 s, it is given that P_(dc)=1.1 pu and P_(ac)=1.2pu. The transient response of the system is fast. The battery is in adischarge state and there is only discharge current in the battery. Thebattery does not undergo microcirculation. The system undergoes thirdharmonic in a short time, which is completely suppressed after about0.05 s. The system may operate stably.

FIG. 8 compares battery current waveforms and battery SOC in theconventional topology and in the inventive topology when the systemoperates stably under an operating condition that P_(dc)=0.8 pu andP_(ac)=1 pu. Under this operating condition, an average power of thebattery P_(bat) is 0.2 pu (in a discharge state). When the conventionaltopology is used, there is still charging current in the battery currenti_(bat), and the battery undergoes microcirculation. The peak value ofthe battery discharge current is 10.02 A (I_(bat,max)=10.02 A). Upon thedisclosed topology and control, there is only discharge current in thebattery current i_(bat), and the battery does not undergomicrocirculation, which reduces consumption in the cycle life of thebattery. At the same time, a peak value of the battery discharge currentis 6.24 A (I_(bat,max)=6.24 A), which is 37.7% lower than that of theconventional topology, thereby reducing the loss of the battery.

$\begin{matrix}{{PCT}_{cyc} = {\frac{\int_{t_{0}}^{t_{0} + T}{{❘i_{cyc}❘}{dt}\text{  }}}{\int_{t_{0}}^{t_{0} + T}{i_{need}{dt}}} \times 100\%}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

In the formula (4), PCT_(cyc) is the proportion of cycle power in theexternal output power, i_(cyc) being the microcirculation current of thebattery, i_(need) being the average current of the battery within thepower frequency cycle, t₀ being the initial time of the calculation, andT being the power frequency cycle.

LOSS_(cyc) =W _(need) ·PCT _(cyc)  (5)

In the formula (5), LOSS_(cyc) is the power loss of the battery causedby microcirculation, and W_(need) is external output energy of thebattery.

The proportion PCT_(cyc) of the microcirculation power in the externaloutput power can be calculated according to the formula (4). The energyloss of the battery LOSS_(cyc) caused by microcirculation can becalculated using the formula (5). Calculation is performed by takingsuch an operating condition as an example, and it can be obtained thatPCT_(cyc)=134.9% under this operating condition. The rated capacity ofthe battery is set to be W_(bat). With an assumption that the battery ischarged without microcirculation loss, when the energy storage systemmaintains to discharge 100 W_(bat) of electricity under this operatingcondition, it can be calculated that the use of the topology and thecontrol method as disclosed can reduce the number of equivalent cyclesof the battery by 139.4 cycles, thereby effectively reducing the lifeloss of the battery.

The disclosure provides an energy storage MMC topology avoidingmicrocirculation of battery and a method for controlling the same. Theoperating mode of the energy storage battery can be judged according tothe operating parameters of the system, and then the battery can beswitched as needed, thereby avoiding the microcirculation problem of thebattery, reducing the life loss of the battery, and reducing the wholelife cycle cost of the energy storage system. Moreover, the disclosurecan reduce losses of the battery by reducing battery currentsignificantly and further prolonging the service life of the battery. Atthe same time, the control method as provided by the disclosure canensure the stable exchange of the power at three ports, namely the ACside, the DC side and the battery, thereby realizing the circulatingcurrent of the bridge arm and the harmonic suppression of the system,and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. In addition,compared with the prior art, the topology proposed by the disclosure hasthe advantages of simple implementation, a low cost and highreliability.

It shall be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are onlyused to illustrate the disclosure, and are not intended to limit thescope of the disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent replacements,improvements, etc. made to the disclosure under the inspiration of thedisclosure shall be within the protection scope of the disclosure.

1. An energy storage MMC topology avoiding microcirculation of abattery, wherein the topology is composed of six bridge arms in threephases, each of which comprises two bridge arms, namely an upper bridgearm and a lower bridge arm, wherein a common point of the bridge arms inthe three phases is configured as a DC port, and a midpoint between theupper and lower bridge arms is configured as an AC port, the DC port andthe AC port being configured to be directly connected to a DC system andan AC system respectively; and wherein each of the bridge arms iscomposed of one bridge arm inductance and N energy storage sub-moduleswith the same structure in series, with wherein the energy storagesub-modules each comprise a half-bridge power module, a battery energystorage module and an interface unit therebetween, and wherein theinterface unit comprises a group of anti-parallel thyristors which areconnected in series over a DC cable between the battery energy storagemodule and a capacitor of the half-bridge power module.
 2. The energystorage MMC topology according to claim 1, wherein in the anti-parallelthyristors, an anode of a first thyristor T₁ is connected to a positiveelectrode of the battery energy storage module, and a cathode of asecond thyristor T₂ is connected to the positive electrode of thebattery energy storage module.
 3. A method for controlling the energystorage MMC topology avoiding the microcirculation of the batteryaccording to claim 1, wherein when the energy storage MMC operatesnormally, a systematic current operating mode is firstly judgedaccording to operating parameters, and then switching control isperformed on the battery energy storage module, wherein the methodcomprises the following steps: 1) setting, if the AC side power is equalto the DC side power in the energy storage MMC, power of the energystorage battery P_(bat) as 0, where it is determined that the energystorage MMC is in a battery bypass mode, and trigger signals S_(p(n)x1)and S_(p(n)_x2) of two anti-parallel thyristors in the interface unitare both set to 0, so that the battery energy storage module isbypassed; 2) calculating, if the AC side power is equal to the DC sidepower, an operating flag value flag according to formula (2):$\begin{matrix}{{flag} = {{❘P_{dc}❘} - {\frac{U_{dc}}{U_{m}}{❘P_{ac}❘}}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$ where P_(dc) is the power of the DC side, U dc being theDC bus voltage, U_(m) being the AC bus voltage amplitude, and P_(ac)being the power of the AC side; 3) determining, if the flag>0, that thebattery of the energy storage MMC shall be in a full cycle switch-inmode, where the trigger signals S_(p(n)_x1) and S_(p(n)_x2) of theanti-parallel thyristors are both set to 1; and 4) determining, if theflag≤0, that the battery of the energy storage MMC shall be in a partialcycle switch-in mode, where the trigger signals of the anti-parallelthyristors are judged and set according to the following substeps: 4.1)calculating power demand of the energy storage battery according toformula (1):P _(bat) =P _(ac) −P _(dc)  (1) where P_(bat) is the power of the energystorage battery, P_(ac) being the power of the systematic AC side, andP_(dc) being the power of the systematic DC side; 4.2) determining, ifthe P_(bat)<0, that the battery is charging, in which discharge currentshall be prevented from flowing into the battery during charging, and inwhich the trigger signal S_(p(n)_x1) of the first thyristor T₁ is set as0, and the trigger signal of the second thyristor T₂ is determineddepending on bridge arm current at present, where if i_(p(n)x)>0,S_(p(n)_x2)=1, and if i_(p(n)x)≤0, S_(p(n)_x2)=0; and 4.3) determining,if the P_(bat)>0, that the battery is discharging, in which chargingcurrent shall be prevented from flowing into the battery duringdischarge, and in which the trigger signal S_(p(n)_x2) of the secondthyristor T₂ is set as 0, and the trigger signal of the first thyristorT₁ is determined depending on the bridge arm current at present, whereif i_(p(n)x)<0, S_(p(n)_x2)=1, and if i_(p(n)x)≥0, S_(p(n)_x1)=0.
 4. Themethod according to claim 3, wherein the method further comprisesdecoupling control of the AC/DC power to ensure stable exchange of thepower at three ports, namely the systematic AC side, the systematic DCside and the battery energy storage module. Wherein the control AC sidepower adopts a conventional double closed-loop structure, which canrealize decoupling d-axis current and q-axis current in a synchronousrotating coordinate system, and controlling active power and reactivepower respectively; wherein the control of the DC side power adopts aphase-separated independent control method, in which an outer loop is aDC power loop, and an inner loop is a circulating current suppressionloop; wherein the DC power loop is subjected to proportional integralcontrol to output a DC current tracking value of each bridge arm; andwherein the circulating current suppression loop is subjected toquasi-proportional resonance integral control to suppress secondcirculating current and third harmonic suppression.